International Trade Assignment Sample
- INTRODUCTORY PART
Role of Energy in the Development of International Trade [the chapter should give an insight into the whole content of the paper. It is advised to make this chapter wide-ranging with some practical examples and controversies]
- Energy and the International Trade Theory
- Energy and the International Trade Policy
- Energy Security and its role in development
- Role of WTO in energy trade
- Regional Energy Initiatives
- [start of main text] THE STORY OF ‘ENERGY’ AND ITS SOURCES[in brief]
Make this chapter brief but all inclusive]
- ‘Energy’ from Mythology through History
- Energy and Its Scope
- Non-Renewable energy sources and its Impact on the Environment
- Petroleum (Oil)
- Coal
- Natural Gas
- Nuclear Energy
- Renewable Forms of Energy and its Impact on the Environment
- Wind Energy
- Solar Energy
- Hydroelectric Energy
- Biomass Energy
- Fuel Cells
- Geothermal Energy
- Bio-fuels
- Energy and Sustainability[discuss the possibilities of Energy as a Human Right and Energy as a commodity for trade and the associated Sustainability issues]
- THE EMERGING ENERGY GOVERNANCE DEBATE: ENERGY IN WTO LAW AND POLICY
- WTO compatibility of energy related actions that could have an impact on trade
- energy issues that are covered by the ongoing Doha negotiations and in WTO accessions
- Is energy a good or a service?[ Members’ schedules of specific commitments on services.]
- Pollution and climate-change dimensions.
- Existing rules in GATT/WTO [Both GATT and GATS and applicability of the same to Energy Trade]
- MFN
- National Treatment
- Quantitative restrictions
- Freedom of transit
- Agreement of Agriculture
- TBT Agreement
- Regional Preferences
- Rules being Negotiated
- DDA Negotiations
- WTO AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY LAW
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) / International Energy Agency (IEA)
- Energy Charter Treaty[analyze dispute settlement, juxtapose with WTO]
- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- Multilateral Environmental Agreements
- Regional Level: European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- Unresolved and Controversial Issues[environmental issues etc]
- Efficiency of the WTO System[special reference to Dispute settlement mechanism and reference to comparison with Energy Charter Treaty]
CONCLUSION
The appropriate forum for energy matters would be WTO with at least one of the following changes brought in.[elaborate the points below]
- Towards a WTO agreement on Energy[Members would also have to decide whether such an agreement was to be a multilateral or plurilateral] OR
- Add energy-specific provisions throughout the existing WTO Agreements [an amendment of each provision for which energy-related aspects are added, and which would have to be agreed according to Article X of the WTO Agreement.]OR
- Members have to adopt a “decision” illustrating how the rules of the WTO should apply to some specific energy sectors. To be adopted by consensus by the General Council[simpler than amendments]